Termux akan Android: Babban Jagora ga Manyan Dokoki da Dabaru zuwa Jagora Linux akan Wayar ku

  • Termux yana ba ku damar gudanar da sarrafa umarnin Linux akan Android, ba tare da buÆ™atar tushen ba.
  • Koyi umarni masu amfani da ci-gaba, fakiti masu mahimmanci, sarrafa rubutu, da sarrafa nesa ta hanyar SSH.
  • Koyi yadda ake shigar da cikakken rarrabawar Linux akan wayarku kuma faÉ—aÉ—a shirye-shiryen ku, hacking É—in É—abi'a, da ikon sarrafa tsarin ku.
  • KeÉ“ance tasha tare da laÆ™abi, ayyuka, launuka, da dabaru don haÉ“aka aikinku.
Isaac

10 minti

Tsoro

Shin kun taɓa tunanin ko zai yiwu a sami ikon Linux kai tsaye akan wayar ku ta Android? Idan haka ne, amsar tana nan. Tsoro: ƙa'idar da ke ɓarna layukan wayoyin hannu da kwamfuta godiya ga cikakken aikinta. Anan zaku gano, ta hanyar cikakkun bayanai, yadda ake samun mafi kyawun Termux ta hanyar koyan kayan yau da kullun. umarni mafi amfani, daga asali zuwa ci gaba, gami da sarrafa fayil, sarrafa kansa, sabobin, hacking na ɗa'a, da cikakken rarraba Linux.

Wannan tabbataccen jagora zuwa Termux A cikin Mutanen Espanya, an tsara shi ta yadda kowa, daga masu farawa zuwa masu amfani da ci gaba, zai iya ƙware wannan kayan aiki, ya yi amfani da damarsa, kuma ya koyi mataki-mataki, tare da bayyanannun misalai da albarkatu masu amfani.

Menene Termux? Abvantbuwan amfãni akan sauran abubuwan koyi da muhalli

Termux Linux na Android

Tsoro aikace-aikace ne na kyauta kuma mai buɗewa wanda ke juya na'urar ku ta Android zuwa wani yanayi mai ƙarfi na Linux, ba tare da buƙatar tushen ba. Yana bambanta shi da sauran na'urorin wasan bidiyo ta hanyar cewa baya buƙatar izini tushen, yana ba da aiki mai kama da tsarin Linux na gaske, kuma yana da nasa manajan kunshin (pkg), dangane da dacewa, wanda ke ba ku damar shigar da ɗaruruwan kayan aikin GNU/Linux (git, ssh, vim, python, nodejs, nmap, curl, da ƙari da yawa) tare da umarni ɗaya.

  • Abun kulawa daruruwan umarni da Linux utilities daga Android.
  • Yana ba ku damar sarrafa fayiloli da kundayen adireshi, gyara rubutun, saita sabobin, aiwatar da hacking na É—abi'a, bots É—in shirye-shirye don Telegram, sarrafa ayyuka, da Æ™ari mai yawa.
  • Yana goyan bayan cikakken rarraba Linux (Ubuntu, Debian, Kali, Alpine, da sauransu) ta hanyar proot-distro.
  • Ba ya buÆ™atar izinin tushe, yana da tsaro, kuma yana kiyaye keÉ“ewa daga tsarin Android.

Zazzagewa da shigar da Termux akan Android: matakan da aka ba da shawarar

Shigar da Termux Android

  • Zazzage F-Droid: Ana ci gaba da sabunta Termux akan F-Droid, ba Google Play ba. Shiga f-droid.org kuma zazzage apk.
  • Shigar da Termux daga F-Droid: Da zarar ka sauke kuma ka shigar da F-Droid, bincika "Termux" kuma ci gaba da shigar da aikace-aikacen hukuma.
  • Bude Termux: Za ku ga tashar tashar da aka shirya don amfani.

Bayan shigarwa, gudu:

pkg sabuntawa && haɓaka pkg -y

Don ba Termux damar yin amfani da fayiloli akan ma'ajiyar wayarka, gudanar:

termux-saitin-ajiya

Tagan izini zai buɗe, karɓa, kuma za ku iya sarrafa fayilolin zazzagewa, hotuna, kiɗa da ƙari daga hanyoyi kamar ~/storage/downloads o ~/storage/pictures.

Tsarin fayil da ajiya a cikin Termux

Tsarin fayil É—in Termux yayi kama da rarraba Linux, wanda aka daidaita don Android:

  • /data/data/com.termux/files/home: babban fayil (Personal folder)$ HOME), inda zaku iya adana rubutun, ayyuka, da fayiloli.
  • ~/ajiya/: Gajerun hanyoyin babban fayil na Android, gami da:
    • ~/ajiya/zazzagewa – Zazzagewa.
    • ~/ajiya/hotuna - Hotuna da hotunan kariyar kwamfuta.
    • ~/ajiya/kiÉ—a – KiÉ—a.
    • ~/ajiya/fina-finai – Bidiyo.
    • ~/ajiya/raba – Fayilolin da wasu aikace-aikace ke rabawa.

Termux umarni da tsari

Don matsar da fayiloli tsakanin Android da Termux, yi amfani da waÉ—annan hanyoyin don guje wa batutuwan izini ko asarar bayanai.

Umarni na asali na farko a cikin Termux don Linux akan Android

Jagora waÉ—annan mahimman umarni don sarrafa fayiloli, kewayawa, da duba bayanai a cikin Tashar:

  • ls: Jerin fayiloli da kundayen adireshi.

    Alal misali: ls -l don karin bayani, ls -a don haÉ—a fayilolin É“oye, ls --color=auto don launuka.
  • cd: Canja kundin adireshi.

    Alal misali: cd downloads, cd .. don daidaitawa.
  • pwd: Nuna hanyar yanzu.
  • cat: Duba fayiloli.

    Mafi dacewa don rajistan ayyukan, rubutun ko daidaitawa mai sauri.
  • shãfe: ƘirÆ™iri fayilolin fanko.

    Alal misali: touch notas.txt
  • mkdir: ƘirÆ™iri manyan fayiloli.

    Alal misali: mkdir proyectos
  • cp: Kwafi fayiloli ko manyan fayiloli.

    Alal misali: cp fichero.txt copia.txt, cp -r carpeta1 carpeta2
  • mv: Matsar ko sake suna fayiloli da kundayen adireshi.

    Alal misali: mv notas.txt antiguo.txt
  • rm: Share fayiloli ko manyan fayiloli.

    Alal misali: rm archivo.txt, rm -r carpeta/
  • bayyananne: Yana share allon umarni.
  • mutumin: Nuna jagorar don wasu umarni.

    Alal misali: man ls
  • Kira: Nuna rubutu ko masu canji.

    Alal misali: echo "Hola Mundo"

Babban fayil da sarrafa izini a cikin Termux

Sarrafa izini, bincika fayiloli da sarrafa kundayen adireshi:

  • cp -v: Kwafi yana nuna cikakkun bayanai.
  • cp -n: Ba ya sake rubuta fayilolin da ke akwai.
  • m-v: Matsar da bayanai.
  • mv - ina: Tabbatar kafin a sake rubutawa.
  • samu . -suna "*.jpg": Bincika fayiloli ta tsari.
  • chmod +x rubutun.sh: Yana ba da izinin aiwatarwa ga rubutun.
  • chownCanja mai shi da rukunin fayiloli.
  • itace: Duba cikakken tsarin babban fayil (yana buÆ™atar shigarwa tare da pkg install tree).
  • shugaban y wutsiya: Nuna layin farko ko na Æ™arshe na fayiloli, masu amfani ga rajistan ayyukan.
  • kwancewa: Cire fayilolin ZIP.
  • tar -xf file.tar: Yana fitar da kwalta.

Yin aiki da kai da rubutu tare da Bash a cikin Termux

Yi ayyuka ta atomatik kuma ƙirƙirar rubutun don sarrafa na'urarka:

  1. Ƙirƙiri rubutun ku: 
    nano my_script.sh
  2. Sanya shi mai aiwatarwa: 
    chmod +x my_script.sh
  3. Gudu: 
    ./my_script.sh

Misali mai sauƙi don nuna kwanan wata da jera fayiloli a cikin babban fayil na gida:

#!/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/bash echo"Kwanan wata: $ (kwanan wata)" ls -lah $HOME

HaÉ—a sharadi, madaukai, ayyuka, da masu canji a cikin rubutun ku don hadaddun ayyuka na al'ada.

Babban keɓancewa a cikin Termux: laƙabi, faɗakarwa, launuka, da ƙari

Gyara .bashrc don daidaita yanayin zuwa salon ku da bukatunku:

  • wanda aka ce masa don umarni akai-akai: 
    wanda aka fi sani da ll = "ls -l --color = auto"
  • Ayyuka don ayyuka masu maimaitawa.
  • Launi da keÉ“ance faÉ—akarwa, ba da damar tarihin duniya, da amfani da launuka cikin umarni.
  • Don aiwatar da canje-canje nan da nan: source ~/.bashrc.

Babban Kanfigareshan Bash na Termux

Gyara rubutu: Nano, Vim, da masu gyara a cikin Termux

Don shirya fayiloli, yi amfani da:

  • Nano: mai sauÆ™i kuma mai mahimmanci, manufa don masu farawa.
    Alal misali: nano archivo.txt
  • Vim: Babban edita, mai Æ™arfi da daidaitacce.
    Alal misali: vim archivo.txt

Gudanar da nesa tare da SSH da SCP a cikin Termux

Shiga ku sarrafa na'urarku daga nesa:

  • Shigar da SSH: pkg install openssh
  • ƘirÆ™irar maÉ“allan SSH tare da ssh-keygen don amintattun hanyoyin sadarwa.
  • Fara uwar garken SSH da sshd (tashar jiragen ruwa 8022 ta tsohuwa).
  • Daga PC, haÉ—a ta amfani da:
    ssh -p 8022 usuario@direccion-ip
  • Canja wurin fayiloli tare da scp:
    - Sanya: scp archivo.txt usuario@ip:/destino/
    – Zazzagewa: scp usuario@ip:/origen/archivo.txt ./

Saita sabar yanar gizo a cikin daƙiƙa tare da Python

Don raba fayiloli ko yin gwajin yanar gizo:

pkg shigar python python3 -m http.server 8000

Samun damar zuwa http://IP-del-móvil:8000 daga kowane browser akan wannan hanyar sadarwa.

Juya kai da bincika ba tare da suna ba tare da Tor da boyayyun sabis

Shigar kuma saita Tor:

pkg shigar tor
tor

Kuna iya saita sabis na albasa ko yin lilo ba tare da suna ba, kuma kuna iya ƙirƙirar ramuka tare da kayan aiki kamar ngrok don fallasa ayyukanku ga intanit.

Yin aiki da kai tare da bots don Telegram da APIs

Haɓaka Bots na Bash waɗanda ke hulɗa da Telegram ta amfani da curl da jq:

  • Aika sanarwa ko karÉ“ar umarni daga na'urarka.
  • Yi aikin nesa, saka idanu da sarrafawa ta hanyar taÉ—i.
  • Kuna buÆ™atar alamar bot kawai, da kayan aikin curl da jq (pkg install jq curl).

Shirye-shirye, tattarawa, da haɓakawa akan wayar hannu

  • Sanya masu tarawa da mahalli: 
    pkg shigar clang gcc g++
    pkg shigar da Python nodejs ruby ​​​​php
  • Yi aiki tare da Git don haÉ—in gwiwa da sarrafa lamba.
  • Yi amfani da kera, cmake, da sauran kayan aikin don sarrafa sarrafa gini da haÉ“akawa.

Hacking na É—abi'a da kayan aikin tsaro a cikin Termux

  • nmap: binciken cibiyar sadarwa da dubawa.
  • Hydra: hare-haren karfi.
  • sqlmap: gwajin bayanai.
  • openssl: boye-boye da TLS/SSL.
  • netcat/ncat: Cibiyar sadarwa da gwajin sabis na yanar gizo.
  • tmux: sarrafa lokuta da yawa a layi daya.

Koyaushe yin haka cikin mutunci da bin doka: yi amfani da waÉ—annan kayan aikin a cikin mahalli masu sarrafawa kuma tare da bayyanannen izini.

Gajerun hanyoyi, dabaru, da shawarwari ga ƙwararrun Termux

  • Cika atomatik tare da Tab.
  • Tarihi tare da kibiyoyi na sama / Æ™asa da Ctrl + R.
  • Yi sharhi a layi a cikin rubutun tare da #.
  • Saita sabar da ayyuka, yi amfani da ngrok don fallasa su, da sarrafa matakai tare da htop da tmux.
  • Yi ayyuka ta atomatik tare da cron kuma a (pkg install cronie).

Jagora Bash: Sauye-sauye, SharuÉ—É—a, Madaukai, da Ayyuka

Koyi rubuta rubuce-rubuce masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi:

  • Masu canji: nombre="Juan"
  • SharuÉ—É—a: 
    idan ["$edad" -ge 18]; sai a sake maimaita "Kuna da shekarun shari'a" fi
  • madaukai: 
    don fayil a cikin * .txt; yi echo $ file cat $ file yi
  • Ayyuka: 
    gaisuwa() {echo"Hello $1"} gaisuwa "Manolo"

Cibiyar sadarwa, HTTP, tunneling da bayyanar sabis

  • curl, wget da ncat don gwadawa da aika buÆ™atun.
  • ngrok don fallasa sabar gida zuwa intanit ba tare da saita tashoshin jiragen ruwa ba.
  • Tor don binciken sirri da sabis na albasa.

Tsaro da kyawawan ayyuka a cikin Termux

  • Yi madogara na yau da kullun na mahimman rubutun da fayiloli.
  • Kar a gudanar da rubutun daga tushe marasa amana.
  • Ci gaba da sabunta Termux da fakitinsa.
  • Koyaushe bitar umarni kafin aiwatar da su don gujewa asara ko lalacewa.
  • Mutunta doka kuma ku yi amfani da kayan aiki da gaskiya.

Inganta aikinku: gajerun hanyoyi, laƙabi, saituna, da ƙari

  • KeÉ“ance faÉ—akarwa, Æ™ara laÆ™abi, ayyana ayyuka da launuka a ~/.bashrc.
  • Yi amfani da gajerun hanyoyi kamar Ctrl+R don bincika umarni, kibiyoyi don tarihi.
  • Sarrafa rubutunku a cikin manyan fayiloli kamar ~/bin ko ~/rubutun, kuma daidaita su tare da ma'ajin Git.
  • Yi ayyuka ta atomatik tare da cron ko maimaita rubutun.

Cikakkun rabawa na Linux akan Android tare da proot-distro

Gudun Ubuntu, Debian, Kali da sauran rabawa a cikin Termux:

  • Shigarwa: 
    pkg shigar tushen-distro
  • Jerin: 
    tushen-distro list
  • Shigar da Ubuntu: 
    tushen-distro shigar ubuntu
  • Shiga distro: 
    proot-distro login ubuntu

Daga can, zaku iya amfani da apt, apk, dnf, ko kowane manajan distro don shigar da duk abin da kuke buƙata, haɓaka ƙarfin wayarku sosai.

Ƙarin albarkatu masu amfani da umarni

  • pkill: kashe matakai da suna.
  • htop: saka idanu matakai na gani.
  • top: mafi sauÆ™i version of hot.
  • grep: Nemo alamu a cikin fayiloli ko fitarwa.
  • wayyo: Nazari da sarrafa rubutu da ginshiÆ™ai.
  • wc: kirga layi, kalmomi da haruffa.
  • kwalta: damfara da cire fayiloli.
  • unzip, gzip, bzip2, 7z: tsarin matsawa da yawa.
  • sshfs: Yana hawa tsarin fayil mai nisa ta hanyar SSH.
  • sabuntawa: Yana sabunta bayanan bayanai don bincike mai sauri tare da gano wuri.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi da kuma magance matsalar

  1. Ba zan iya samun dama ga wasu fayiloli ko manyan fayiloli ba? Android yana iyakance damar zuwa wasu hanyoyi. Amfani termux-setup-storage da hanyoyin shiga ~/storage/.
  2. Yadda ake warware matsalolin izini? Bita kuma daidaita izini tare da chmod y chown.
  3. Me yasa ba a sabunta Termux ko fakitinsa ba? Gudu pkg update && pkg upgrade a kai a kai.
  4. Zan iya amfani da yanayin hoto? Ee, ta amfani da VNC ko X11, kodayake yana buƙatar ƙarin tsari.

Albarkatun al'umma da shawarwari

  • Ajiye rubutunku da daidaitawa zuwa GitHub ko GitLab don daidaitawa da wariyar ajiya.
  • Bincika ma'ajiyar rubutun, kayan aiki, da dotfiles don inganta aikinku.
  • Shiga cikin al'ummomi kamar GitHub, Reddit, da Linux da kuma dandalin Android na musamman don koyan sabbin dabaru da amsa tambayoyi.
  • Kasance tare da sabbin fakitin tsaro, kayan aiki, da dabaru.

Yadda ake koyo da ci gaba mataki-mataki

  1. Sanya Termux daga F-Droid kuma sabunta fakitin.
  2. Ba da izinin ajiya.
  3. Koyi ainihin umarni kuma bincika tsarin tsarin.
  4. Keɓance mahallin ku tare da laƙabi da rubutun.
  5. Yi ayyuka ta atomatik, ƙirƙira rubutun, da haɓaka ayyukan ku.
  6. Gwaji tare da cikakken rarrabawa da sabis na intanet.

Godiya ga TsoroWayarka Android na iya zama cibiyar sarrafawa mai ƙarfi, haɓakawa, tsaro, da cibiya ta atomatik, wanda zai baka damar koyo, aiki, da gwaji a cikin sararin samaniyar Linux, duk daga tafin hannunka. Fara yau kuma buɗe cikakken damar na'urar ku.